Mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi no mu nsinga, "umutekano" ni umurongo utukura utavunika. Ku bijyanye n'icyemezo cy'umutekano w'amashanyarazi,Icyemezo cya ULnta gushidikanya "ikirango cya zahabu" mu nganda. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire cyane kubyerekeranye ninsinga zifite icyemezo cya UL (bita "UL insinga" muri make) - mubyukuri nibiki? Kuki byakagombye kuba igipimo cyumutekano kizwi kwisi yose? Kandi ni ibihe bihe byakurikizwa?
Icyambere, sobanukirwa: Icyemezo cya UL niki?
Mbere yo kuganira ku nsinga za UL, ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanura "agaciro" k'icyemezo cya UL. UL, izina ryayo ryuzuye ni Laboratoire ya Underwriters, ryashinzwe mu 1894 kandi ni kimwe mu bigo bya mbere kandi byemewe kurusha ibindi - ibigo byemeza umutekano by’ishyaka ku isi. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura hifashishijwe ibizamini bya siyansi no gusuzuma niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano no kugabanya ingaruka z’umutekano nk’umuriro n’amashanyarazi.
Bitandukanye na bamwe "kwikorera - gushima" ibipimo byumushinga, icyemezo cya UL cyemeza amahame yinganda zifunguye kandi zikomeye (urugero, UL 62 igipimo ngenderwaho cyibanze cyane cyane ku nsinga n’insinga zoroshye), kandi inzira zose zo gutanga ibyemezo zirangizwa mu bwigenge n’abandi bantu batishingikirije ku ruganda urwo arirwo rwose. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo byayo bifite kwizerwa cyane. Irazwi cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru, mu Burayi no mu bihugu byinshi n'uturere ku isi.
UL insinga: Ntabwo ari "kugira icyemezo" gusa
Uburyo bwo gutanga ibyemezo: "layer - na - igenzura ryerekana" kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza kubicuruzwa byarangiye
Uburyo bwo kwemeza insinga za UL bushobora gusobanurwa nk "gukomera", cyane cyane harimo niyi miyoboro yingenzi
Isubiramo ryibikoresho
Ibikoresho fatizo byinsinga - abayobora (nkumuringa, aluminium, nibindi), ibice byokwirinda (nka PVC, XLPE, nibindi), ibyatsi, nibindi . - bigomba byose kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byateganijwe na UL, nkumuriro wamashanyarazi wubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gusaza bwibice byiziritse. Ibigo birasabwa gutanga raporo yubugenzuzi bwibikoresho fatizo kandi ikemera ubugenzuzi butunguranye.
Kugenzura ibikorwa
UL izakora igenzura rya - ikibanza cyumurongo wibikorwa byinganda zikora inganda kugirango harebwe niba uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ibikoresho neza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwujuje ibisabwa, no kwirinda ibicuruzwa - kubahiriza bitewe no gutandukana kw umusaruro.
Ikizamini gikomeye cyibicuruzwa byarangiye
Ngiyo ntambwe yibanze yo gutanga ibyemezo. Ibikoresho byipimisha bikubiyemo ibintu byose byumutekano, nka: ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe (kugirango hamenyekane neza ko insuline ihagaze neza yubushyuhe bwo hejuru)
Kurikiza - hejuru yo gukurikirana no kugenzura
Icyemezo cya UL ntabwo ari kimwe - igisubizo cyigihe. Urwego rutanga ibyemezo ruzajya rusuzuma ibigo kandi rukore ibizamini byo gupima ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Igicuruzwa kimaze kugaragara ko kitari - cyujuje ubuziranenge, icyemezo kizahita gihagarikwa cyangwa gihagarikwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bikomeze.
Ibyiza byingenzi: Kuki uhitamo mbere insinga za UL?
Umutekano nkurusobe rwumutekano, ingaruka nke
Nibintu byingenzi byingenzi byinsinga za UL. Nyuma yo gukorerwa ibizamini byinshi - nko kutagira umuriro, kurwanya ubushyuhe no guhangana n’umuvuduko, amahirwe yo kumeneka, imiyoboro ngufi n’umuriro mugihe cyo kuyikoresha byagabanutse cyane. Cyane cyane mubantu benshi cyangwa benshi - imbaraga - ibintu biremereye nkamazu, amaduka, ninganda, insinga za UL zirashobora kugabanya ibyago byumuriro wamashanyarazi bituruka.
Ubwiza buhamye kandi burambye bwa serivisi
Icyemezo cya UL kugenzura cyane ibikoresho fatizo nibikorwa byumusaruro bituma umurongo uhoraho kandi uhamye. Kurugero, urwego rwimikorere ntirukunda gusaza cyangwa gucika, kandi nubushobozi bwumuyobora bukomeza guhagarara neza mugihe kirekire. Ibi bivuze ko ubuzima bwa serivisi bwinsinga za UL mubusanzwe ari burebure kurenza ubw'insinga zisanzwe, bigabanya ikiguzi nibibazo byo kubungabunga no gusimburwa nyuma.
Kwisi yose birashoboka, kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze - kubuntu
Icyemezo cya UL cyamenyekanye cyane ku isi hose, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’amajyaruguru ya Amerika, aho usanga ari itegeko ko ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi bikoresha insinga zifite icyemezo cya UL. Niba ibikoresho byakozwe ninganda bigomba koherezwa hanze, gukoresha insinga za UL birashobora kugabanya cyane inzitizi zubucuruzi no kuzamura isoko ryibicuruzwa.
Ibipimo bisobanutse bituma guhitamo guhangayika - kubuntu
Hariho ibipimo bihuriweho byerekana izina ryicyitegererezo cya UL, nka "UL 1007", "UL 1015", nibindi. Ibisobanuro bya kondora, uburebure bwa insulation, hamwe n amanota yo kurwanya ubushyuhe (nka dogere 80, dogere 105) bihuye na buri cyitegererezo. Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo byihuse ubwoko bushingiye kubyo bakeneye batiriwe bahangayikishwa nikibazo cya "ikimenyetso cyerekana ibimenyetso".
Ikoreshwa ryinsinga za UL: Aha hantu hagomba gukoreshwa neza
Nubusanzwe kubera umutekano wacyo nibiranga umutekano insinga za UL zifite ibintu byinshi byerekana ibintu, cyane cyane mubice bifite umutekano muke
umurima w'abasivili
Amashanyarazi ya sock n'amatara mugushushanya urugo, cyane cyane ahantu h'ubushyuhe no hejuru - ahantu h'ubushyuhe nko mu gikoni n'ubwiherero; Hariho kandi insinga zihuza imbere yibikoresho byo murugo, nka konderasi, firigo, imashini imesa, nibindi byinshi ibikoresho byo murugo - amaherezo bizakoresha insinga za UL kugirango umutekano urusheho kwiyongera.
umurima w'ubucuruzi
Ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nko mu maduka acururizwamo, mu biro, no mu mahoteri, uburyo bwo gucana, insinga zo mu kirere hagati, hamwe n’umurongo w’amashanyarazi wihutirwa utuwe cyane. Iyo impanuka y'amashanyarazi imaze kubaho, ingaruka zizaba zikomeye, kandi insinga za UL nibikoresho bisanzwe.
inganda
Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro mu nganda, imirongo yateranirijwe mu buryo bwikora, insinga zimbere zo gukwirakwiza udusanduku, nibindi, mubidukikije byinganda, mubisanzwe hariho akazi gakomeye nkubushyuhe bwinshi, irangi ryamavuta, hamwe no kunyeganyega. Kurwanya ikirere no guhagarara kwinsinga za UL byujuje ibi bisabwa.
Kwohereza ibikoresho hanze
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho byitumanaho, nibindi byoherezwa muri Amerika ya ruguru, Uburayi, Aziya y’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo n’utundi turere bigomba gukoresha insinga zemewe za UL - kugira ngo zubahirize amabwiriza y’umutekano waho.
Mugihe uhisemo insinga za UL, irinde uku kutumvikana 2
dore inama 2 zo kugura
Menya "icyemezo cyemewe" kandi wange "ibirango by'impimbano"
Hano hari abacuruzi bake batitonda ku isoko bazashyiraho ibimenyetso bya UL mpimbano. Mugihe ugura, urashobora kugenzura amakuru yicyemezo ukoresheje ibicuruzwa kurubuga rwa UL (andika numero yicyemezo cyangwa izina ryumushinga) kugirango wemeze niba aribicuruzwa byemewe.
Hitamo icyitegererezo ukurikije ibyo ukeneye. Ntabwo aribyo "bihenze, byiza"
UL insinga za moderi zitandukanye zifite ubushyuhe butandukanye, kurwanya voltage hamwe nuyobora neza. Kurugero,UL 1007. Ntibikenewe gukurikira buhumyi moderi yo hejuru -.
Mu gusoza, agaciro kingenzi kaULinsinga ziri mu "guhana amahame akomeye ku ngwate z'umutekano". Yaba imitako yo murugo, umusaruro wibikorwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, guhitamo insinga za UL ni ugushimangira umutekano kandi no gutezimbere ibiciro birebire -. Nyuma ya byose, mubijyanye nubuhanga bwamashanyarazi, "umutekano" burigihe nigishoro cyiza cyane.
